Means for justifying type.



Nd; 731,666. r PATENTED JUNE 23, 1903. G. H. GOGHRANE.

MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

APPLICATION IILBD SEPT. 25, 1099.

N0 MODEL.

Ifl-mu/anLcn c' ,W 2 Tam- E}? QHAQLEs FLCOCHQANE.

I UNITED v I STATES Patented June 23, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE;

CHARLES-H. OOCHRANE, OFBRQOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MEANS Foe JUSTIFYING TYPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 731,666, dated June 23,1903.

l Application filed September 25, 1899. Serial No. 731.558. (No model)To (ZZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. CocHRANE,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, 'in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Means for Justifying Type, of which the following is a specification.

The most difficult problem today in setting type is the justifying ofthe type-lines so that which is to be they will all be of the samelength, whereby the right-hand side of the column or page printed fromthe type matter will be in line. p

Many methods and schemes have been sug gested and devised for justifyingtype matter. It has been proposed to'make the type-spaces I compressibleand compress the type-lines all to one length. It has been proposed toseparate or spread apart the words by various forms of wedges. This,while applicable to a certain class of work-such as linotype-work,

in which matrices are used instead of type and in which thejustification of a single line of matrices is done laterally or at rightangles to the type-faces has not as yet, so far as I have been informed,been employed in any of the machines 110w on the market for settingordinary type matter. It has also been proposed to provide an automaticmechanism whichwould withdraw the type-spaces from the line and insertlarger type-spaces and continue the operationuntil a line of type lessthan the desired length would be brought to proper length. It has alsobeen proposed to provide a mechanism which would automatically separatethe words, so that additional spaces could be dropped in to fill out theline. All these proposed methods have met with little, if any,commercial success, and

it is the common practice to-day throughout the printing art, so far asI am informed, to justify type by hand by selecting and varying thetype-spaces until the right length is obtained. Machines with measuringand calculating devices have been proposed to help do this; but theyhaveproved too complicated and uncertain to be commercially practical,

My invention as distinguished from What u has before been done proceedson an entirely new principle, so far as I am informed. I In thepracticing of my invention the line of type is set up in the ordinarymanner by the compositor or by machine with the ordinary types; butinstead of using the common form of type-space a novel type-space isused between each word. The line is set up by the compositor or machineless than the proper length and as near to the proper length as isconvenient. The same kind of type-space is used between each word. Thistype-space consists of a piece less than type-high, having an inclinedface, whichface is preferably formed on the top end thereof, so thatthere will be a tapered guideway or throat formed between eachtype-space and adjacent type. With the line set up in this manner withthese novel type-spaces thin justifying-shims are inserted and forcedinto the line of type between the type-spaces and adjacent types, and inthis way the type-line is brought out to full length, or justified. Byproceeding in this way the line of type as originally set up with theparticular type-spaces does not have to be disturbed. All that isnecessary to justify the line is to force the necessary number of shimsinto the throats or guideway in the line of type. A line of typejustified in this way is very even and accurate, because very thin shimscan be used and the same can be inserted progressively from one space toa succeeding space until the line is justified. This particular way ofjustifying a line of type may be practiced by hand or machinery.

I propose in further applications for patent to claim improved mechanismfor justifying type by the previously-described method; but in thisapplication I claim the particular typespace and combinations used injustifying the line.

Referring now to the accompanying sheet of drawings, forming part ofthis application, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a line of typejustified according to my improvement.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of two words, showing how a shim isintroduced. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the shim inplace. Figs. 4 to S, inclusive, are elevations of various forms oftype-spaces that I may employ; and Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view ofthe type-space illustrated in Fig. 8.

In detail, as shown in Fig. 1, a designates a number of types set upinto a line. In the particular line chosen for illustration seven wordsare shown. Between each word is jacent type.

placed. a type-space 1), less than type-high, which has an inclinedguiding-face, the preferred form thereof being indicated in the firstfive figures and consisting of a typespace having its upper end beveledor cut off, as at 10, so that when the type-space is in place aninclined throat or guideway 11 will be formed between each type-spaceand ad- To justify the line, thin shims c are then introduced into theline. These thin justifying-shims can be very quickly and accuratelyforced into the line between a type-space and the adjacent type byreason of the inclined face of the type-space. These justifying-shimsare made of thin strips of metal of the body thickness of the type andof a height a little less than that of the type-g line, although thinstrips of metal are generally sufficient.

The line is justified by starting at one space and going progressivelyacross the line from one space to the next until the type-line isbrought out to the required length. If neces sary, the operation can becontinued back and forth across the line.

In Fig. 1 two shims are shown between the first two type-spaces andtheir adjacent types and a single shim between each of the othertype-spaces and their adjacent types, this being supposed to justify theline.

It will be seen that the space between any two words of a line justifiedby this method cannot vary more than one shim and that by practicingthis method the spaces throughout the entire line will be very even.

7 1 preferably make the type-spaces unnicked onthe front side where thetypes are nicked, so that the line of type can be introduced intoautomatic mechanism and the typespaces cause the mechanism to act tointroduce the shims.

If it is desired to nick the type-spaces for the purpose ofdistribution, this can be done on the back sides thereof.

The preferred form of type-space with the inclined end may be turnedeither way when in the line, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

A type-space I), having two inclined faces 13 13 at the end, as shown inFig. 6, may be used.

A type-space; b with its bottom end inclined, as at 12, as shown in Fig.7, may be used, so that the shims can be introduced from the bottominstead of the top of the line.

A type-space having its inclined face on the side thereof may be used,so that the shims can be introduced laterally instead of longitudinallyinto the line, if desired, and such type-space b is shown in Figs. 8 and9 with an inclined side face 14.

The inclined face on the type-space is preferably out on a straightline, but may be cut on a curve and may cut off the whole or part of anyone of the ends or sides of the typespace.

The invention is also applicable to the justifying of logotype matter.

The specific forms herein shown may be further varied by a skilledmechanic without departing from the scope of my invention as expressedin the claims.

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is

1. A type-space less than type-high having an inclined face for guidingj ustifying-shims into place to fill out the line, substantially asdescribed.

2. A type-space less than type-high having an inclined face at its endfor guiding justifying-shims into place to fill out the line,substantially as described.

3. A type-space unnicked on its front side, less than type-high, andhaving an inclined face for guiding justifying-shims into place to fillout the line, substantially as described.

4. The combination in a line of type, of the types and type-spaces lessthan type-high having inclined faces, whereby tapered throats orguideways are formed between the spaces and adjacent types, for thereception of justifying-shims, substantially as described.

5. The combination in a line of type, of the types and type-spacesunnicked on their front sides, of less than type-high having inclinedfaces, whereby tapered throats or guideways are formed between thespaces and adjacent types to receive justifying-shims, substantially asdescribed.

6. The combination in a line of type, of the types and type-spaceshaving inclined faces, and shims guided into place between thetypespaces and adjacent types by said inclined faces of the type-spaces,substantially as described.

7. The combination in a line of type, of the types and type-spaceshaving inclined faces, and shims made of a harder metal than typemetal,such as steel, guided into place between the type-spaces and adjacenttypes by said inclined faces of the type-spaces, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. COCHRANE. Witnesses:

FREDERICK H. DAVIS, ANNA J. IVERS.

ICC

